Sustainable Forestry Initiative; an American Forestry Management System.

Waste from recycled fibre plants. Usually used as an agricultural soil conditioner.

SO2 is formed during the combustion of sulphur-containing fuels such as oil and coal. Sulphur dioxide contributes to the acidification of soil and water.

(Economic, social and ecological sustainability) A quotation from the Brundtland Commission: “sustainable development meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”.

Means of binding using wire for stitching.

A screen is actually a fine film on to which is printed a very fine matrix. The matrix is then laid on to a photograph that is to be printed, and the combination of photograph and overlaid screen is then photographed again by a professional printing camera, producing a photograph of ‘dots’. These dots are then ultimately the position of printing ink, which reproduces a photographic effect. Screens are also used to print ‘apparent’ solid colours on forms but which are in fact a series of print dots that simulate solid colours. Screen matrices can vary in fineness, and are referred to as dpi – dots per inch. The finer the screen, the better quality print production. Photographs in newspapers are examples of coarse screens – say 85 dpi. Good quality magazines will use 150 to 200 dpi and can go up to 400 dpi.

The number of lines per inch (or centimetre) on a halftone or tint screen, equal to the number of dot say 85 dpi. Good quality magazines will use 150 to 200 dpi and can go up to 400 dpi.

Used essentially for labelling purposes, this grade has a self-adhesive coating on one side and a surface suitable for printing on the other. The adhesive is protected by a laminate that enables the sheet to be fed through printing machines, the laminate subsequently being stripped when the label is applied.

Used when the cover of a document is made from the same paper as its text pages.

The method of binding whereby the document is held together through stitching thread

Machine that cuts reels of paper into sheets.

Those presses or printers that run cut sheet paper rather then paper from a roll or web. Some sheetfed machines can be converted to run webs with the aid of in line roll feeding equipment, which cuts the webs as it feeds.

Coarse fragments of fibrous materials present in pulp or paper, resulting from incomplete resolution during pulping.

ue to the low opacity of some papers, copy can be seen on the other side to which it was printed.

Plastic film wrapping.

A print sheet that when folded and cut forms a group of pages. Also used to define a mark on the first and last pages of a document when producing book blocks.

see Smoothness.

Single side printing.

Dividing a web of paper in the length wise direction into two or more narrower webs, an operation often carried out by converters.

The surface smoothness of paper is measured by the Bendtsen smoothness test. The test measures the amount of air escaping between an annular ring and the material surface, and results are measured in ml/min. Papers having a value higher than 50 are usually referred to as matt, below 50 as silk (sometimes called satin or velvet).

A proof that, rather than being printed onto a substrate, is transmitted to a customer’s calibrated monitor and shown on a computer screen.

Papers made from special mixtures of pulps.

Measurement device that determines colour values.

Joint in a web of paper in or approximately in the cross direction, made by an adhesive or an adhesive strip, either in order to obtain a reel of the desired length or to permit, (for example on a converting machine) a continuous operation between the end of one reel and the beginning of the next.

Computer memory or hard disk space where data files sit before they are sent to a printer/press.

Used to enable colours to be included in the print without mixing the primary colours.

Specific areas on the printed piece picked out with a varnish addition.

The effect seen on the back of a sheet of paper due to excess penetration of printing ink.

An aqueous suspension of papermaking raw materials from the stage of disintegration of the pulp to the formation of the web or sheet.

The weight of paper or board, shown by scales, taken from a sample. The weight is defined by grammage per square metre of a single sheet (g/m2).

A surface finish on paper that may vary from relatively dull but smooth to highly glazed, produced by passing damp paper through a supercalender stack. This is broadly similar to a machine calender stack except that it is separate from the papermachine and some of the rolls are made of compressed fibre (see also Calendered).

Keeping the overall environmental impact from operations within different areas of society within the limits of what man, society and nature can sustain in the long term.

see Nordic Swan.