(F) FFCS
Open info
Close info
Finnish Forestry Certification Scheme; a voluntary forest management scheme externally audited - 98% of Finnish forests are certificated.
(F) Fibre Sourcing
Open info
Close info
The origin of cellulose fibre; usually wood or waste paper.
(F) Forest Bio-diversity
Open info
Close info
Recognition that forests should include a wide range of indigenous plant, animal, bird and insect species.
(F) Forest Certification Systems
Open info
Close info
Third-party forest auditing that takes into account the environmental aspects of forestry operations. Examples of forest certification systems include; FSC (Forest Stewardship Council and PEFC (Programme for the Endorsement for Forest Certification).
(F) FSC®
Open info
Close info
FSC® (Forests Stewardship Council) an alliance of environmentalists, industry, foresters and indigenous and social groups. Together these groups have collectively set principles and standards to define exactly what is involved in good forest management. Products carrying the FSC® logo are made from wood that originates from well-managed, certificated forest.
(F) FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
Open info
Close info
The program used to transfer files through the Internet from one computer to another.
(F) Fanfold
Open info
Close info
A web of paper folded into connected sheets by alternate folds across the web.
(F) Fan out
Open info
Close info
Widening of the paper web on the press due to dampening or printing pressure.
(F) Fastness
Open info
Close info
Resistance of colour to fading.
(F) Feathering
Open info
Close info
A fault with ink spreading into non-printed areas, causing blurred images.
(F) Felt
Open info
Close info
A fabric that presses the paper web against the drying cylinder on the papermachine.
(F) Felt mark
Open info
Close info
Imprint left on the paper by one or more of the felts used in making paper. Special effects can be introduced in this way.
(F) Fibre
Open info
Close info
Wood cell whose properties vary from one tree species to another; the main raw material for papermaking.
(F) Filler
Open info
Close info
A material, generally white mineral matter such as china clay or calcium carbonate, which is added to the paper furnish to increase opacity, improve flatness and allow a smoother finish to be obtained.
(F) Fine paper
Open info
Close info
Fibre based paper usually containing less than 10% mechanical pulp, eg quality printing and writing paper.
(F) Fines
Open info
Close info
Small fragments of fibre produced, for example, in the course of beating.
(F) Finish
Open info
Close info
The surface characteristics imparted to paper by mechanical means.
(F) Flame resistant paper
Open info
Close info
Paper that has been given a treatment designed to give it a certain degree of non-flammability and/or of incombustibility.
(F) Flexographic printing
Open info
Close info
A method of relief letterpress printing using flexible rubber or photopolymer plates on web fed rotary presses.
(F) Flocked paper
Open info
Close info
Paper with velvet like smooth unglazed surface.
(F) Flotation deinking
Open info
Close info
Deinking process in which air is blown into a dilute fibre suspension. Ink particles adhere to the air bubbles and rise to the surface, where they are removed.
(F) Flow box
Open info
Close info
A container for stock situated immediately before the forming part of a papermachine, capable of supplying stock in the required volume and with the required distribution characteristics to the forming surface. Also known as breast box or head box.
(F) Flue gas scrubbing Open info
Open info
Close info
A method for removing especially gaseous impurities such as sulphur dioxide and hydrogen sulphide from flue gases. Alkaline water is sprayed against the flue gas stream, and a considerable proportion of the particles in the flue gases are washed away. Scrubbing creates the visible white steam emission, which is typical of paper mills and which is often incorrectly called ‘smoke’.
(F) Fluorescent paper
Open info
Close info
A white base paper or board coated with a mixture of fluorescent pigment and binder, the latter being used to key the former to the surface. The coating is activated by ultraviolet light, either by exposure to an ultraviolet lamp or to natural daylight.
(F) Fluorescent whitening agent/fluorescent dye
Open info
Close info
A dyestuff that is capable of converting ultraviolet light into the visible spectrum and improving the brightness of the paper in which it is incorporated. Sometimes known as an optical bleaching agent (OBA).
(F) Flush
Open info
Close info
To trim both covers and sections at the same time in binding.
(F) Fluting
Open info
Close info
Fluting is a paper that has been pressed into a continuous series of upright and inverted arches to give it the properties of rigidity and cushioning. Usually made of hardwood semichemical pulp or waste paper, it is employed in the manufacture of corrugated fibreboard. Various degrees of structure are produced, depending on end use, ranging from the coarsest A flute (between 105 and 125 flutes per metre) to F flute (more than 320 flutes per metre).
(F) Fly sheet
Open info
Close info
A web of paper, frequently unprinted but not necessarily so, to which a form is attached for processing through continuous output printers.
(F) Foil blocking/foil stamping
Open info
Close info
The process by which extremely fine leaves of foil are impressed onto a paper, usually logos or company names.
(F) Folding boxboard
Open info
Close info
Although boxboards can vary in quality from grey board to premium board, the term is usually taken to mean white lined boards. They are made on multi-layer machines, and the outer layers may be of a different furnish to the centre layer.
(F) Forest land
Open info
Close info
Land with the capacity to produce at least 1 m3 per hectare of wood a year during one rotation.
(F) Forest Stewardship Council
Open info
Close info
A neutral organisation that promotes responsible forestry and sustainability. It has defined principles for good forest management and allows the tracking of wood good its sources all the way down the supply chain. The system of certification provides an assurance of sound environmental management practices.
(F) Formation
Open info
Close info
The fibre distribution throughout a sheet of paper. The two extremes are described as ‘wild’ and ‘even’.
(F) Fourdrinier machine
Open info
Close info
The most common form of papermaking machine. It forms a web in a continuous sheet on a horizontal, or near horizontal, forming surface. It is named after the Fourdrinier brothers who financed the first operational machine at the Frogmore Mill, Hertfordshire, UK in 1803.
(F) Fully bleached pulp
Open info
Close info
Pulp that has been bleached to the highest brightness attainable (>90 ISO).
(F) Furnish
Open info
Close info
The mixture of various materials blended in the stock or raw material from which paper and board is made. The chief constituents are wood or other pulps, sizing material, fillers, dyes and other additives.
(F) Fuser
Open info
Close info
Part of a non-impact printing system that fuses toner or powder on to paper.
